Class TestPatterns    '<<1.Self-Defining Functions-自定义函数>>    Public Shared Sub SelfDefining()        Console.WriteLine(":: Pattern: Self-definining function")        Dim foo As Action = Sub()                                Console.WriteLine("Hi there!")                                foo = Sub()                                          Console.WriteLine("Hi again!")                                      End Sub                            End Sub        Console.WriteLine("First call (initilization).")        foo()        Console.WriteLine("Second call - use different one now!")        foo()        Console.WriteLine("Third call - still the same.")        foo()    End Sub    '<<2.Callback Pattern-回调模式>>    Public Shared Sub Callback()        Console.WriteLine(":: Pattern: Callback pattern")        Console.WriteLine("Calling the function with lambda expression.")        CallMe(Function() "The boss.")        Console.WriteLine("Back at the starting point.")    End Sub    Private Shared Sub CallMe(ByVal caller As Func(Of String))        Console.WriteLine("Received function as parameter - Who called?!")        Console.WriteLine(caller())    End Sub    '<<3.Returning Functions-函数作为返回值>>    Public Shared Sub Returning()        Console.WriteLine(":: Pattern: Returning function")        Console.WriteLine("Calling to obtain the method ...")        Dim method As Func(Of Double, Double) = GetProperMethod("sin")        Console.WriteLine("Doing something with the method ...")        Console.WriteLine("f(pi / 4) = {0}", method(Math.PI / 4))    End Sub    Private Shared Function GetProperMethod(ByVal what As String) As Func(Of Double, Double)        Select Case what            Case "sin"                Return AddressOf Math.Sin            Case "cos"                Return AddressOf Math.Cos            Case "exp"                Return AddressOf Math.Exp            Case Else                Return Function(x) x        End Select    End Function    '<<4.Immediately-Invoked Function Expression-立即调用的函数表达式>>    Public Shared Sub IIFE()        Console.WriteLine(":: Pattern: IIFE")        DirectCast(Sub(x)                       Console.WriteLine(2.0 * x * x - 0.5 * x)                   End Sub, Action(Of Double))(1.0)        DirectCast(Sub(x, y)                       Console.WriteLine(2.0 * x * y - 1.5 * x)                   End Sub, Action(Of Double, Double))(2.0, 3.0)    End Sub    '<<5.Immediate Object Initialization-对象即时初始化>>    Public Shared Sub ImmediateObject()        Console.WriteLine(":: Pattern: Immediate object initialization")        Dim terminator = New With { _         Key .Typ = "T1000", _         Key .Health = 100, _         Key .Hit = DirectCast(Function(x)                                   Return 100.0 * Math.Exp(-x)                               End Function, Func(Of Double, Double)) _        }        Console.WriteLine("Terminator with type {0} has been created.", terminator.Typ)        Console.WriteLine("Let's hit the terminator with 0.5. Rest health would be {0}!", terminator.Hit(0.5))    End Sub    '<<6.Init-Time Branching-初始化时间分支>>    Public Shared Sub InitTimeBranching()        Console.WriteLine(":: Pattern: Init-time branching")        Dim loopBody As Action(Of Integer) = Nothing        Console.WriteLine("Select a proper loop body method ...")        Dim r As New Random()        Dim sum As Integer = 0        If r.NextDouble() < 0.5 Then            Console.WriteLine("Selected random choice ...")            loopBody = Sub(index)                           sum += r.[Next](0, 10000)                       End Sub        Else            Console.WriteLine("Selected little gauss ...")            loopBody = Sub(index)                           sum += index                       End Sub        End If        Console.WriteLine("Execute the loop ...")        For i As Integer = 0 To 9999            loopBody(i)        Next        Console.WriteLine("Loop has finished with result sum = {0}.", sum)    End SubEnd Class

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